Eco-tourism And Climate Action
Eco-tourism And Climate Action – Rural Economic Development Based on Shift-Share Analysis in a Developing Country: A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province, China
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Eco-tourism And Climate Action
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How Harmful Is Tourism For The Environment?
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Submission received: 20 December 2020 / Revised: 3 February 2021 / Accepted: 6 February 2021 / Published: 11 February 2021
The Carbon Footprint Of Global Tourism
(This article is part of the Special Issue Tourism: A Fertile Frontier for Cross and Multidisciplinary Inquiries in Sustainability)
Global climate change is a major challenge facing society, increasingly influencing investment, planning, operations and demand in the tourism sector. The paper provides an overview of key challenges to sustainable tourism due to climate change, critical gaps in knowledge and the state of preparedness in the tourism sector. At the start of a crucial climate decade, the lack of field preparedness should be extremely disconcerting for the tourism community. To be clear, what we have done over the past 30 years has not prepared the way for the next 30 years of climate change impacts and transition to a decarbonized global economy. The transition from two decades of awareness-raising and ambition setting to a decade of determined collective response requires a great deal of knowledge and a broad sectoral commitment to: (1) improved communication and knowledge integration, (2) increased research capacity and interdisciplinary collaboration, and (3) strategic Policy and planning engagement. We in the tourism and sustainable community must answer this call for clarification to shape the future of tourism in a decarbonized and post-+3°C world, because there can be no sustainable tourism if we fail on climate change.
The rapid expansion of travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders in late March 2020 brought a sudden and unprecedented shutdown of global tourism due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The massive disruption to the tourism economy [1] was evident early on and continues to this day. Documented by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWPO) [2] and other tourism organizations [3, 4, 5]. The pandemic and economic recovery will continue to shape tourism for the foreseeable future, with three safe and highly effective vaccines now entering final approval and distribution [6], the dire toll on public health will be significantly reduced in 2021, allowing safety to resume. Travel and international tourism is slowly resuming. The nature of post-pandemic tourism recovery remains uncertain and is the subject of serious debate in tourism scholarship [7]. While some doubt that a meaningful transition to sustainability is possible given the almost exclusive industry focus on returning to business as quickly as possible [8], other scholars and field observers see the pandemic as a critical moment to reflect on how. Post-pandemic recovery can act as a catalyst for responsible and sustainable tourism transformation [7, 9].
Regardless of the recovery, the devastating tragedy that the Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked on the lives and livelihoods of millions of people and the enormous economic losses to businesses and tourism sectors around the world offer important lessons for society. Parallels with the more slowly unfolding climate crisis have often been raised. Neither the SARS-CoV-2 virus nor climate are concerned with politics or borders, and both demonstrate the enormous value of scientific expertise and a rapid multilateral response. An important difference is that with the development of effective vaccines, society can now anticipate the post-Covid-19 pandemic era in the next one to three years. The same cannot be said about the climate crisis in the lives of today’s tourism workers or their grandchildren. Sustainable development requires a long-term view of tourism, and as Schaal [10] (p. 2) poignantly reminds us, “If you consider the potential long-term effects of climate change on the world and the world of travel, the Covid-19 pandemic is a very will be seen as a painful, tragic footnote.”
Ways You Can Help Combat Climate Change As A Traveler
The evidence for disruption of the global climate system is relentless, and rapid changes have been observed compared to the rate of natural climate change that has occurred throughout Earth’s history [11, 12]. Land and sea surface temperatures continued a multi-decade warming trend. Since the pre-industrial era (1850–1900), human activities have warmed the world by an estimated 1.2 °C [ 13 ], and the past decade (2010–2019) has been the warmest on record, with the six warmest years since 2015 [ 14 ]. Land surface temperatures north of 60° have warmed at twice the global rate (about +3.5 °C) [11] . Over 90% of the excess energy accumulated from the human-enhanced greenhouse effect is stored in the oceans, with several recent studies confirming that the world’s oceans (especially above 2000 m) are the warmest in recorded human history and are warming 40% faster than predicted. UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [15]. In the past decade, Arctic sea ice extent has declined to the lowest in the 42-year satellite record [14], and recent studies have shown that the Greenland Ice Sheet has entered a new irreversible stage of disintegration [16].
Consistent with expected physiological responses to a warming climate, the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat, extreme precipitation, and drought events are increasing in most continental regions of the world [ 11 , 17 ]. Heat waves have already increased in frequency and intensity and are predicted to become more frequent and longer lasting in the future [ 14 , 18 ]. The impact of human activities on drought risk is observable worldwide [19], and since the early 1980s, wildfire seasons have increased over a quarter of the world’s vegetated surface [20]. Globally, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events have increased since the second half of the 20th century [18]. Tropical cyclone intensity and rainfall increase with ocean warming [ 21 , 22 ]. If you already find the frequent headlines of climate disasters unsettling, we’re still in the early stages of climate disruption. Several new weather records were set in 2020, but they won’t last long.
Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, the primary drivers of contemporary climate change, are increasing at rates unprecedented in the geological record. According to [14], global emissions of CO
A record high was reached in 2019, and the global average of atmospheric carbon dioxide reached 410.5 ppm in 2019, a new record high and the last level reached 3.5 million years ago. Although the disruption of the global economy and travel caused by COVID-19 reduced carbon emissions in 2020 (approximately 7% [23]), atmospheric concentrations continue to increase. The global climate system will continue to respond to these elevated levels of GHGs in the atmosphere and higher levels of emissions, so that additional climate change in the future is inevitable. The ultimate magnitude of climate change and associated risks over the coming decades and centuries will be determined by options to reduce GHG emissions over the next 30 years. Ripple etc. [12] (p. 8) emphasize that “scientists have a moral obligation to clearly warn humanity of any catastrophic threat and to ‘tell it like it is’” and “on the basis of this obligation and the indicators presented, we declare. , signed by more than 11,000 scientists worldwide, clearly and unequivocally states that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency. 2020 is a critical decade for bending the emissions curve to achieve the central goal of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change—avoiding dangerous interference with the global climate system and addressing unfolding climate emergencies.
What Does Sustainable Travel Mean?
Global leaders in government, business and civil society emphasize the imperative to respond to the major challenge of climate change, which has remained at the top of the World Economic Forum’s annual global risk ranking for most of the past decade [24]. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has termed climate change as an existential threat to humanity [25]. More than 1800 sub-national jurisdictions have confirmed this sense of urgency,
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